Governments worldwide have invested heavily in infrastructure projects intending to transform the economy. Many of these projects are procured through public–private partnerships (PPPs), bridging the gap between the available public resources and the required investments. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to sustainability in PPP research. Through the lens of institutional theory, this chapter aims to understand the role of contractual and relational governance in institutionalizing sustainability in PPP megaprojects. In this sense, this study conducted a single case study of a PPP airport project in India. The case study consists of semi-structured interviews and document analysis using multiple sources, such as project documents, media reports, and court orders. The results suggest that contractual and relational governance is instrumental in improving the sustainability of PPPs. Contractual governance lays the groundwork for sustaining the partnership toward sustainability, while relational governance, through the impact of normative and cognitive institutions, enables one to go above and beyond in achieving sustainability in PPP megaprojects.
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