Major infrastructure projects (MIPs) are common goods that are too often unsuited to the needs of populations. They are complex to manage and their implementation requires high capital, the involvement of multiple stakeholders, and the consideration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) challenges. Conventional governance practices of MIPs are no longer sufficient to ensure their success. The performance and success of MIPs are more based on the creation of social value, non-financial benefits that promote the economic development of societies and the wellbeing of their populations. Thus, this chapter looks at ESG criteria to highlight where these principles come from and the relationship with the governance of MIPs. It examines practical cases of MIPs to see how ESG is considered.
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