Public sector organizations (e.g., government, hospitals, schools) are tasked with both (1) innovating change and (2) responding to environmental, economic, political, and social change. For employees, this translates to demands for proactive and adaptive performance. This chapter provides an overview of individual proactive and adaptive performance, and leverages macro-level organizational learning theory to examine how and when both types of performance can be beneficial for organizational learning and strategic renewal. The analysis further highlights various strategies that organizations can use to promote and develop proactive and adaptive performance among employees. Finally, the chapter considers the unique demands of public sector organizations and the implications of these demands for proactive and adaptive performance.
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