Edited by Marjan Peeters and Mariolina Eliantonio
Edited by Marjan Peeters and Mariolina Eliantonio
The Legitimacy of Standardisation as a Regulatory Technique
A Cross-disciplinary and Multi-level Analysis
Edited by Mariolina Eliantonio and Caroline Cauffman
Controlling EU Agencies
The Rule of Law in a Multi-jurisdictional Legal Order
Edited by Miroslava Scholten and Alex Brenninkmeijer
Miroslava Scholten, Martino Maggetti and Yannis Papadopoulos
EU agencies have been growing over the last 45 years, with a proliferation since the early 2000s. They are seen as an important instrument for shaping and implementing EU policies throughout a large number of policy areas. As the policy areas’ specificities vary greatly, including how much of a say the EU gets in regulating specific sectors, EU agencies also differ to a considerable extent. They can, for example, have different policy objectives, functions, powers, institutional structures and mechanisms to render account, to name but a few.
Edited by Peter Mankowski
The Role of the EU in Transnational Legal Ordering
Standards, Contracts and Codes
Edited by Marta Cantero Gamito and Hans -W. Micklitz
Competition Law and Big Data
Imposing Access to Information in Digital Markets
Beata Mäihäniemi
EU State Aid Law
Emerging Trends at the National and EU Level
Edited by Pier L. Parcu, Giorgio Monti and Marco Botta
Pier Luigi Parcu, Giorgio Monti and Marco Botta
Since the Treaty of Rome, Art. 107 TFEU has regulated how the Member States can grant aid either to private or State-owned undertakings. Aid measures incompatible with Art. 107(1) may only be authorized by the European Commission if they fulfill one of the conditions mentioned in Art. 107(2) and 107(3) TFEU. Although the wording of the Treaty has not changed significantly over the past 60 years, the goals of State aid policy have progressively shifted. Similar to other free trade agreements, the EU founding fathers included State aid rules in the Treaty of Rome in order to avoid a subsidies war among the Member States—a war that could have distorted free competition within the internal market. State aid rules were thus initially conceived as a complementary instrument to the free movement rules. In addition, State aid law was also complementary to competition policy, since the provisions concerning both policies were included in the same chapter of the Treaty, and were enforced by the same institution—that is, DG Competition of the European Commission.