This chapter examines the changing use and meaning of the term ‘skeptic’ in the US elite press. Based on an analysis of the New York Times, it appears that the meaning of the word skeptic changed from a synonym of legitimate critic to an illegitimate form of dissent. Different forms of climate skepticism appear in different time periods. Over time an escalation in rhetorical armory can be shown, which was associated with political events, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the partisan mobilization of science at Congressional hearings.
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Timothy Cadman, Lauren Eastwood, Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis, Tek N. Maraseni, Jamie Pittock and Tapan Sarker
Timothy Cadman, Lauren Eastwood, Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis, Tek N. Maraseni, Jamie Pittock and Tapan Sarker
Annie Coombs
As the concept of green infrastructure has become more widely understood, so has an appetite for communities to have their say in what happens to green infrastructure. The author draws on over 35 years of experience on green infrastructure projects to illustrate the points with a range of short project profiles, referenced for further reading. The benefits of community involvement are described. The emergence of community involvement, patterns of how it occurs in theory and in practice and its drivers are explored. The challenges of defining ‘a community’ and ensuring they can feel they have made a difference are illustrated. From the examples, the most important attributes for community involvement in green infrastructure identified are vision, leadership, partnership working, excellent communication, creativity in engagement, maximising opportunities for training and education, and the provision of technical support.