4Ps (product, price, place, promotion) 256, 302, 303, 369, 374, 398
5G 52
5Ps (product, price, place, promotion, and public relation) 302, 303
9/11 496
A Sociology of Teaching 448
Abbott, Cleve Conrad 234
Abramovich, Roman 76
abuse of authority 111
accessing trade publications 495
Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration (ACPHA) 5
Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) 4
Accreditation Task Force 4
Active for Life 23
active recreation 390
activism 9–10, 69, 173, 188–90, 205, 366, 367, 443, 444, 479, 513
activities, interests, opinions (AIO) 377
ADA Standards for Accessible Design (2010) 25
administrator concern 394
Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature 292
agency theory 467
AIM Sports Reputation Management 400
Ajan, Tamas 111
America’s Cup 85
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER) 33
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) 4, 25, 359
American Baptist Home Mission 234
American College Public Relations (ACPRA) 457
American Freedom from Hunger Foundation 359
American Marketing Association (AMA) 299
American Medical Association 66
American Missionary Association 234
Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 (ADA) 24–25, 90, 142, 187
Antihazing Coalition 229
apartheid 140
archetypes 62
Arsenal FC 232
Arthur Blank (AMB) Group 97
artificial intelligence (AI) 458
Asian Games 313
Associated Press (AP) 58
Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) 79, 80
Association of Aquatics Professionals 494
Association of Luxury Suite Directors (ALSD) 296
Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) 4
AT&T Mobility, LLC v. National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc. (2007) 326
athlete biological passport (ABP) 154
athlete development literacy (ADL) 36
athletes
Athletic, The 307
Athletics Association 38
p. 529Atlanta Football Classic 234
Auburn University 58
Australian Football League 97
‘average minute audience’ 168
Baltimore Terrapins 29
‘Barcelona effect’ 286
Basketball Association of America (BAA) 84
Batting Average on Balls in Play (BABIP) 461
Bauer, Trevor 33
Bayern Munich 146
Beane, Billy 26
behavioral decision theory 132
Beijing Winter Olympics 152
Berne Convention 258
Betances, Dellin 33
bias 16, 49, 53–4, 55, 130, 148, 157, 158, 216, 278, 403, 411, 450, 460, 461, 484
bias-reduction criteria 245
Big data 27, 31, 128, 129, 134, 225, 251, 252, 383, 458, 465, 511, 512
Big Five Personality Model 339
Bimper, Albert 117
Biscayne College 2
‘Black Power’ 10
Black Sox scandal 83
Blake, Jacob 10
Borg, Björn 17
Brady, Tom 69
brand
storytelling 464
British Association for Sustainable Sport 156
Brooklyn Dodgers 2
Bruce, Toni 195
Butler, Judith 208
Byers, Walter 79
Cambridge University 259
cannabidiol (CBD) 66
Carter-Francique, Akilah 117
celebrity 35, 62, 69–70, 105, 163, 164, 196, 248, 249, 272, 352, 367, 401, 418
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 427
Chandler, Happy 84
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 15
Chariots of Fire 399
Cheyney University 233
Chicago White Sox 83
Cincinnati Red Stockings 235
Cincinnati Reds 97
Cincinnati, University of 210
circuit of culture framework 122
Clark Atlanta University 233
class see social class
Cleveland Browns 98
Cleveland Cavaliers 233
Cleveland Guardians 33
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) 151
Coachman, Alice 234
cognitive intelligence (IQ) 161
Cohen v. Brown University (1996) 491
Cohen’s alpha 101
Cole, Jesse 227
collective bargaining agreement (CBA) 77–8, 276, 282, 283, 408
collective nostalgia 335
College Athletic Business Management Association (CABMA) 34, 237
College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) 34, 457
Collegiate Event and Facility Management Association (CEFMA) 34, 186
collusion 111
Commission for Accreditation of Park and Recreation Agencies (CAPRA) 4–5
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) 4
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) 4
Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (CIAW) 79
Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) 3, 4, 5, 6, 34, 123, 188, 263, 374
Committee on Accreditation for the Exercise Sciences (CoAES) 4
common method variance 416
Commonwealth Games 510
Commonwealth Games Associations 150
competitive advantage 66, 92, 111, 131, 148, 170, 189, 207, 229, 241, 244, 253, 261, 293, 300, 393, 419, 466, 468, 480, 481
competitive balance 30, 44, 93–5, 153, 158, 159, 196, 262, 280, 408, 409, 412
Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS) 383
Conduct of Employment Agencies and Employment Business Regulations (2003) 15
Conference for Baseball Executives 1
consumer behavior 13, 43, 98–100, 119, 126, 134, 144, 190, 252, 321, 336, 376, 377, 438
Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women 1979 (CEDAW) 514, 516
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) 514
Cooper, Joseph 117
‘core of certainty’ 110
corporate
corporate social responsibility (CSR) 67, 68, 106–9, 155, 233, 299, 359, 418, 509
corruption 84, 109–12, 187, 188, 218, 219, 220, 248, 272, 393, 440
Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) 5
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) 4
Council on Accreditation of Parks, Recreation, Tourism and Related Professions (COAPRT) 5
COVID-19 9, 31, 38, 66, 85, 108, 161, 169, 174, 180, 199, 200, 293, 309, 314, 318, 326, 349, 350–51, 373, 391, 457, 459, 472, 486, 489, 490, 492, 496, 503–5, 518
Cowan, Glenn 139
creativity 112
cronyism/nepotism 111
crowdfunding 331
data-based marketing 375
Daytona Beach, Florida 323
de Low, Dorothy 9
de Saussure, Ferdinand 421
Decker Slaney, Mary 17
Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 66
demographics 18, 45, 46, 71, 134–5, 147, 301, 306, 362, 376, 418, 419, 457, 486, 492, 511
DeSensi, Joy, 263
designated market area 46
Destination Marketing Organizations (DMO) 103
Detroit Red Wings 171
Dianabol 150
Diaz, Nate 66
Dietz, William ‘Lone Star’ 246
digital card game (DCG) 168
discrimination 14, 24–5, 54, 116, 140, 142–4, 153, 158–9, 209–10, 220, 261, 272, 277–8, 288, 385, 386, 410–11, 460, 490
diversity 6, 13, 20, 73, 136, 147–8, 174, 183, 188, 213, 214, 233, 244–5, 253, 273, 288, 338, 339, 340, 383, 411, 430, 497, 509
Division of Disability Resources & Educational Services 142
Division of Men’s Athletics (DMA) 33
draft 28, 152–3, 206, 252, 262, 282, 411, 412, 483, 504, 505
drug abuse 70
Dundee United 14
Durant, Kevin 164
dynamic content optimization (DCO) 225
Eastern Cherokee 246
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975) 90
Edwards, Ward 132
Ellis, Sean 225
embezzlement 111
emergency medical services (EMS) 176
Emmert, Mark 327
endorsements 12,13, 36, 106, 163–4, 203, 328, 400, 406, 407, 418, 500
English Premier League 44, 144, 145, 215, 233, 301, 310, 320, 467
Epsom Derby 65
equality 9, 108, 117, 118, 143, 209–10, 238, 242, 248, 261, 341, 351, 439, 444, 514–17
equity theory 341
ESPN 16, 31, 55, 75, 84, 149, 182, 302, 307, 310, 363, 388, 429, 454, 513, 526
e-sports 31, 44, 146, 160, 166–9, 248, 307, 322, 351, 361, 373, 383, 487, 500
European Institute for Gender Equality 143
event management 156, 165, 166, 174–8, 184, 202, 228, 238, 381
exceptions to salary caps 412
Exendine, William 246
expectancy disconfirmation theory 424
expected points added (EPA) 28
FA Cup Final 228
Facebook 30, 35, 85, 135, 168, 183, 204, 307, 336, 373, 406, 420, 441–3, 463, 471, 513
fandom 46, 114, 144, 145, 189, 190, 203, 211, 294, 320, 321, 381, 382, 400, 435
FC Barcelona 147
Federal Baseball Club v. National League (1922)
Federal Bureau of Investigation 393
Federally Recognized Tribes 179
p. 532Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 12, 38, 146, 150
Federer, Roger 12
female frailty myth 9
FIFA World Cup 12, 23, 108, 159, 175, 186, 213, 272, 304, 307, 313, 314, 329, 389, 452, 505
Film Analysis Attitude Scale (FAAS) 149
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) 196
five key principles to pedagogy 355
flexi-curity 163
Flood v. Kuhn 205
Flood, Curt 29
Florida State University 61
Florida, University of 61
Football Association (FA) 320
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) 57
Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) 54
Football Lads Alliance 421
Fortuna Düsseldorf 146
franchise owners 196
Frankfurt School 117
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) 491
functions of mentoring 317
gambling 51, 56, 76, 110, 160, 192, 322, 364, 365, 381, 462, 471, 500
‘game revolution’ 212
Geico
geographic diversification (GD) 146
Georgia Tech Athletic Association 377
German Football Association 48
Get Her Off the Pitch 292
Glaser, Barney G 222
Global Congress on Sport and Christianity 399
Global Players Council 38
globalization 16, 17, 65, 69, 93, 120, 144, 145, 189, 202, 203, 212–15, 241, 279, 308, 320, 366, 450, 457
Gobert, Rudy 350
Grange, Red 17
grass fields 186
Great Man Theory 506
‘Green Games’ 286
Green Sports Alliance 156
Grove City College v. Bell (1984) 491
Guardiola, Pep 506
Hall, Tanner 67
Hamilton, Lewis 70
Hamlin, Denny 325
Harrington, Al 67
Haudenosaunee 246
Hawk, Tony 182
Hawkins, Billy 117
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 185
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) 94
Hierarchy-of-Effects Model 133
high school athletic association (HSAA) 280
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) 54, 233–4
Historically White Colleges and Universities (HWCUs) 234
Home Box Office (HBO) 149
Homo Ludens 361
homogenization theories 214
Hotmail 226
How to Win Friends and Influence People 330
Howard University 233
Huff, George 1
Huma, Ramogi 475
Hurricane Katrina 496
hybrid logic 255
incompatibility thesis 402
Indian Country Today 246
Indian Premier League (IPL) 262
Indianapolis Colts 59
Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) 326
individual culture 122
Instagram 10, 30, 35, 75, 135, 307, 336, 354, 373, 420, 421, 442, 471, 472, 486, 513
Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport, The (TIDES) 386, 461
inter-coder 101
intercollegiate athletics 39, 79, 80, 196, 234, 259–61, 271, 281, 289, 315, 317, 327, 342, 449, 500
Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives 39
Intercollegiate Horse Show Association 78
Intercollegiate Rowing Association 79
intercollegiate sport 39, 57, 79, 80, 260, 261, 281, 282, 315, 327
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 196
International Accreditation Council for Business Education (IACBE) 4
International Association of Athletics Federation 110
International Association of Venue Managers (IAVM) 186
International Charter of Physical Education and Sport 514
International Children Games 173
International Committee for Sport Sociology (ICSS) 449
International Council of Arbitration for Sport 33
International Cycling Union 110
International e-Sports Federation 150
International Event Group (IEG) 7
International Events Group 453
International Gymnastics Federation 212
International Handball Federation (IHF) 111
International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association (IHRSA) 200
International Journal of Sport Communication (IJCS) 106, 274
International Olympic Committee (IOC) 21, 32, 33, 37, 96, 108, 151, 154, 183, 213, 218, 220, 243, 285, 310, 364, 379, 521
International Review for Sport Sociology (IRSS) 449
International Sport Management Alliance 34
International Tennis Federation (ITF) 414
International Weightlifting Federation 111
International Working Group (IWG) on Women and Sport 515, 516, 517
internet of things (IOT) 248
inter-rater 101
IOC Bulletin 95
IOC Sport and Environmental Commission 286
iOS 30
iTunes 31
Indiana University (IU) 99
Jack, Kelvin 14
Jackson, Stephen 66
James, Bill 26
Japanese Association for Sport Management 34
Jensen, Knud 95
Johnson, Jack 439
Journal of Political Economy 158
Journal of Sport and Social Issues (JSSI) 450
Journal of Sport Management (JSM) 156, 273, 274, 403, 472, 494
p. 534Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology and Leisure Studies 399
Jung, Carl 62
Juventus 146
Kansai, Japan 9
Kansas City Royals 68
Kaur, Man 9
KDKA, Pittsburgh 387
Kendall’s Tau 94
Kentucky, University of 2
Korean Society for Sport Management (KSSM) 34
Krippendorf’s Alpha 101
Krugman, Paul 211
LaLiga (Spain) 146
Landis, Floyd 67
Latin American Association for Sport Management 34
Lausanne Declaration on Doping in Sport (1999) 151
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 108, 156, 185, 406
Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) 283
Learning to Play 22
Leroy, Louis 246
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) 69, 143, 144, 288, 395, 444, 523
Lewis, Michael 26
Liddell, Eric 399
Lightning Decision Jam (LDJ) 136
Lincoln University 233
Lippmann, Walter 15
literature 292
lobbying 111
local-global paradox 214
logo 7, 42, 59, 61, 62, 189, 257, 289, 304, 319, 376, 422, 431, 454, 503
Los Angeles Clippers 84
Los Angeles Dodgers 97
Louisiana State University (LSU) 58
Macolin Convention (2004) 306
main categories of sponsorship 453
major event organization (MEO) 151
Major League Baseball (MLB) 27, 29, 30, 32, 49, 77, 78, 83, 84, 124, 131, 151, 205, 224, 229, 276, 335, 408, 412, 439
Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) 32, 77, 276
Major League Soccer (MLS) 10, 78, 108, 190, 262, 372, 386, 505
Major League Umpires Association (MLUA) 224
Malcolm X 10
malperform 110
Manila Declaration on Women and Sport (1996) 515
March on Washington 9
Marihuana Tax Act (1937) 66
Martin, Casey 25
Martin Luther King Jr. 9
Martin, Trayvon 10
‘masculinist hegemony’ 210
Mason, James 2
McCarty, Darren 66
McCombs, Maxwell 15
McNally, Dave 29
‘MediaSport’ 312
p. 535mental health emergency action and management plan (MHEAMP) 316
Messersmith, Andy 29
Miami Dolphins 97
Miami, University of 2
Microsoft Azure 74
Miller, Marvin 77
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) epidemic 180, 246
mixed-methods studies 385
Modified Volunteer Functions Inventory for Sports (MVFIS) 510
money laundering 111
Montana, Joe 67
‘Montreal Effect’ 286
moral principles 169
Moustafa, Hassan 111
Multilevel Conceptual Model of Leadership in Sport Management 283
Muscat, Oman 9
Muscular Christianity 399
name, image, and likeness (NIL) 35, 59, 261, 327–8, 444, 475
National Association for Athletics Compliance (NAAC) 34
National Association for Sport & Physical Education (NAPSE) 263
National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) 140, 233, 289, 301, 323–6, 372, 407, 486
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 9
National Association of Academic and Student-Athlete Development Professionals (NAASADP) 34, 237
National Association of Athletic Development Directors (NAADD) 34
National Association of Athletic Ticket Sales & Operations (NAATSO) 34
National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) 34, 41, 237
National Association of Collegiate Esports 79
National Association of Collegiate Marketing Administrators (NACMA) 34
National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) 39, 79, 80, 81, 259, 474
National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) 80
National Association of Sports Commissions (NASC) 456
National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) 316
National Basketball Association (NBA) 7, 10, 16, 27, 30, 49, 66, 78, 83, 84, 124, 144, 150, 154, 183, 187, 191, 210, 213, 233, 256, 262, 276, 277, 289, 304, 307, 310, 350, 352, 354, 372, 373, 386, 408, 412, 439, 440, 442, 444, 468, 472, 487, 490, 505, 513, 521
National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) 276
National Broadcasting Company (NBC) 84, 204, 213, 307, 310, 387, 513
National Christian College Athletic Association 79
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) 21, 30, 38, 54, 56, 79, 196, 202, 235, 259, 281, 289, 327, 364, 386, 392, 428, 444, 449, 474, 492
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (2019) 30
National Collegiate Cycling Association 79
National Collegiate Equestrian Association 79
National Council for Accreditation of Coaching Education (NCACE) 4
national culture 122
National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS) 268
National Federation of High Schools (NFHS) 21, 34, 235, 266, 267, 268
National Football League (NFL) 10, 17, 27, 30, 32, 49, 54, 59, 66, 68, 70, 78, 97, 99, 106, 124, 128, 149, 150, 183, 187, 199, 205, 210, 229, 233, 262, 276, 277, 284, 289, 301, 309, 335, 361, 363, 364, 372, 386, 408, 410, 412, 439, 441, 442, 453, 471, 489, 502, 505
National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) 17, 276
National Hockey League (NHL) 16, 28, 32, 49, 66, 67, 78, 210, 262, 276, 277, 289, 310, 338, 372, 408, 412
National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA) 276
National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association 79
National Intercollegiate Rugby Association 79
National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (NIAAA) 34, 41
p. 536National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) 79, 81, 259
National Labor Relations Act (1935) 77
National Letter of Intent (NLI) 392
National Park Service 391
National Parks and Recreation Association (NPRA) 34
National Senior Games 18
national sport governing bodies (NSGBs) 275
national sport organizations (NSOs) 96
National Study of Student Hazing 229
NBA v. Motorola (1997) 258
NCAA v. Board of Regents (1984) 30
New York City Marathon 320
New York Journal 69
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) 195
Nike 12, 31, 61, 164, 195, 198, 213, 214, 258, 318, 319, 422, 444, 454
NIRSA: Leaders in Collegiate Recreation
Noll-Scully (N-S) competitive balance measure 94
non-governmental organization (NGO) 242, 247, 452, 514, 515, 516, 517
nonprofit
North American Court of Arbitration for Sport 219
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 196, 241
North American Society of Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) 3, 4, 6
North American Society of Sport Management (NASSM) 3, 4, 5, 34, 262, 263, 274
North Carolina High School Athletic Association (NCHSAA) 267
North Carolina, University of 61
North Korea 140
Nugent, Timothy 142
O’Bannon, Ed 327
O’Malley, Walter 2
Oakland Tribune 192
Oakley, Ann 207
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 186
Octagon 18
Oklahoma State University 21
Olympic Commissions 218
organizational
Orlando Magic 10
Oxford University 259
Pac-12 conference 75
Palace at Auburn Hills 296
Palmer, Arnold 17
Pan Am Games 174
paradigm war 402
Paralyzed Veterans of America v. D.C. Arena L.P. (1997) 25
Parks, Wally 324
Parsons v. Taylor Made (2017) 258
Pasadena, California 57
passive recreation 391
Payton, Gary 67
Pele 17
Penske Entertainment Corporation 324
Pentagon of Sport Sales Training Model (PSSTM) 413
‘penumbra of uncertainty’ 110
performance enhancing drug (PED) 95, 96, 151, 154, 169, 207, 361, 440
Performance Racing Industry 323
Perkin’s School, Boston 11
personal nostalgia 335
Persons of Color (PoC) 116
PESTE analysis 300
PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin (2001) 25
Philadelphia Eagles 233
Phillips, Richard 224
philosophy 6, 26, 41, 80, 190, 221, 227, 267, 281, 292, 360–62, 413, 483, 524
Pistorius, Oscar 361
Player Efficiency Rating (PER) 461
Players’ Tribune, The 307
Podoloff, Maurice 84
points of attachment Index 99
pool betting 52
Population Ecology Theory 468
position centrality 70
positivist orientation 404
pragmatist orientation 404
predominantly white institutions 54
Princeton 79
procedural justice 342
process of innovation 253
product extensions 217
productivity 26, 28, 30, 31, 50, 120, 129, 147, 153, 159, 231, 244, 270, 271, 278, 339, 356, 437
Professional Association of Athlete Development Specialists (PAADS) 36
professional development 34, 36, 40, 41, 241, 297, 356, 386, 395
Professional Golfers Association (PGA) 25, 67, 213, 216, 217, 289, 372
Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) 99
publicity 19, 87, 88, 151, 152, 228, 257, 258, 260, 282, 300, 307, 327, 375–6, 432, 457
Purdue Boilermakers 99
Pyle, CC 17
qualitative research 130, 201, 202, 222, 269, 357, 377, 382–4, 396, 402, 403, 404
random sampling 476
Rashford, Marcus 243
representation contract 14
Research Quarterly 1
return on investment (ROI) 42, 46, 81, 120, 176, 406–7, 443, 485, 486
Rio Olympics (2016) 213
Ritzer, George 215
Rockefeller, Nelson 9
role anticipatory socialization (RAS) 345
role discrimination 278
Ronaldo, Cristiano 164
Royal and Ancient Golf Club 216
Rudolph, Wilma 234
Rugby Australia 471
Safe Sport Authorization Act (2017) 428
Salley, John 67
Sam, Michael 106
Sandler, Bernice 490
p. 538satellite fans see distant fans 144
Savannah Bananas 227
Scheppe, William 2
season ticket holder (STH) 44, 45, 124, 332, 377, 398, 419, 441, 488
Seattle Mariners 97
secondary data 130
segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) 300
self-selection 73
Semple, Jock 10
serious leisure inventory and measurement framework (SLIM) 423
Service Quality Assessment Scale (SQAS) 425
SHAPE America 4
Shaw, Donald 15
Sidney Sixers 136
signage 431
Silver, Adam 83
Singapore Grand Prix 110
Situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) 114
Smith, Tommie 10
social
social-ecological model of physical activity (EMPA) 48
Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) 274
socialization 31, 53, 72, 73, 122, 144, 145, 171, 172, 173, 190, 207, 344–6, 367, 447–8, 482, 522
Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) 26
Sociology of Sport Journal (SSJ) 450
Source Attractiveness Model 164
Source Credibility Model 163
Southern African Development Community (SADC) 109
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 39
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 94
specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound (SMART) 133
sport
actors 357
business 1, 83, 93, 121, 129, 132, 144, 145, 163, 165–6, 196, 279, 293, 310, 401, 413, 486, 499, 513
consumption 13, 42, 43, 46, 98–100, 118, 164, 188, 190, 308, 322
development 22, 23, 137, 138, 212, 213, 245, 365, 366, 497, 522–3
facilities 83, 97, 108, 124, 142, 156, 165, 166, 184, 185, 223, 247, 286, 296, 335, 336, 390, 431, 452, 500, 515, 526
fans 46, 98–9, 104, 119, 122, 126, 144, 191, 252, 289, 295, 303, 308–9, 319, 336, 398, 407, 475, 487–8, 499, 508, 513
historian 212
industry 14, 17, 49, 51, 69, 76, 102, 105, 107, 153, 175, 190, 210, 213–14, 226, 236–7, 247–8, 264, 321, 345, 350–51, 387, 441
intercollegiate 39, 57, 79, 80, 260, 261, 281, 282, 315, 327
product 69, 98–9, 107, 120–21, 145, 151, 166, 196, 226, 278, 280, 289, 295, 301, 302, 370–72 418–19, 479
programs 18, 19, 56, 90, 91, 155, 157, 165, 166, 365, 379, 424, 514, 523–6
Sport Australia 221
Sport Ecology Group, The 156
sport for development (SFD) 136
Sport Literature Association (SLA) 292
Sport Management Arts and Sciences Society (SMARTS) 3, 4, 33
Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand (SMAANZ) 34, 274
Sport Management Program Review Council (SMPRC) 4
Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) 99
Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (2004) 14
Sports Broadcasting Act (SBA) 30
Sports Dispute Resolutions Panel 15
Sports Environment Alliance 156
Sports Events & Tourism Association (Sports ETA) 456
Sports Illustrated 354
Sports Management 236
sports norm 170
Sports Public Relations 105
SportsCenter 16
SportVu 27
St John’s University 2
St Paul Saints 227
Stadium Managers Association 186
stages of human resource management 241
Standards Task Force 4
Stanley Cup 276
Statcast 27
state of being 418
state of mind 418
‘Statute of Frauds’ 102
Sterling, Donald 84
Stern, David 84
stimulus-organism-response (SOR) 43
Stollings, Marlene 444
Strategic Sport Communication 105
Strauss, Anselm L 222
Street League Skateboarding (SLS) 183
Student-Athlete Advisory Committee (SAAC) 316
substantialist perspective 445
Super Bowl 12, 24, 45, 74, 84, 157, 159, 226, 228, 272, 290, 364, 406, 456, 493, 503
superperform 110
supply chain operations reference (SCOR) 293
sustainability 106–8, 155–6, 185, 216–17, 229, 248, 251, 286, 292, 294, 351, 355, 390, 477–80, 494, 497, 518
symptoms of groupthink 223
talent evaluation 484
Taylor, Breonna 10
Taylor, Christian 38
p. 540team identification 46, 99, 144, 193, 301, 437, 438, 476, 482
Tebow, Tim 400
Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act (1978) 38
Temple, Coach Edward 234
Tennessee State University 234
Terra Ludus 195
The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sports (TIDES) 386, 461
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life 419
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 448
theoretical analysis of groupthink 224
Theory, Culture & Society 215
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior 206
Theory of the Leisure Class 448
Thibault, Lucie 263
Thompson, Fresco 2
three Cs analysis 300
Title IX 40, 54, 80, 261, 281, 282, 426, 428, 429, 430, 458, 490–93
T-Mobile Arena 296
Toolson, George 29
Toronto Raptors 59
trading in influence 111
transaction cost theory 467
transferrable skills 163
transparency 106, 107, 128, 218, 219, 220, 342, 394, 480, 517
Trautman, George 1
Trump, President Donald 444
Tuskegee University 234
Twitter 16, 35, 55, 75, 135, 307, 331, 336, 337, 357, 373, 383, 406, 420, 421, 441–3, 471, 486, 513
Types, Activities, Sectors, Places (TASP) 110
Tyus, Wyomia 234
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) 66
uncertainty outcome hypothesis 153
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) 143, 146, 313
Union Royale v. Bosman (1995) 206
unions 277
United Kingdom 14, 15, 21, 156, 235, 243, 262, 279, 450, 483
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 209
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 86, 248, 514, 516
United Nations Human Rights Council 242
United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace 242
United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace (UNOSDP) 243
United States Center for Safe Sport 428
United States Collegiate Athletic Association 79
United States Football League (USFL) 277
United States Green Building Council (USGBC) 108
United States Gymnastics (USAG) 427
United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC) 219, 283
United States Soccer Federation 128
United States Swimming 90
United States Women’s National Soccer Team (USWNT) 205, 372, 439, 440
United States Youth Soccer 90
University of Notre Dame 58
University of Ohio 2
University of Oklahoma (OU) 58
University of Southern California (USC) 58
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 200
U.S. Department of Justice 10
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) 258
U.S. Soccer Foundation 89
U.S. social system 116
U.S. Supreme Court 10, 25, 29, 30, 205, 280, 281, 282, 364, 429, 439, 491, 492
USA Cycling 155
USA Pickleball Association 18
USA Today 444
Walsh, Dick 2
Warrior, Robert Allen 180
Washington Post, The 47
Wasserman 18
websites 513
Welcoming through Sports 76
WhatsApp 135
White, Major J Andrew 388
Whyte’s Groupthink Recast Model 224
Wickel, Harrison 2
Wilberforce University 233
Windhoek Call for Action 516
Winkebach, Bill 192
wins above replacement (WAR) 129
Wisconsin, University of 1
WJZ, New York 387
Women 2000 and Beyond 517
Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) 10
Wonderlic cognitive ability test 153
Woodward, Milt 2
word of mouth (WOM) see also eWOM 35, 61, 125, 337, 397, 401, 518–19
World Anti-Doping Association (WADA) 95, 96, 150, 151, 152, 154
World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) 154
World Association for Sport Management (WASM) 5
World Bank 217
World Football League (WFL) 277
World Hockey Association (WHA) 277
World Masters Games (WMG) 9
World Players Union (FIFPro) 38
World Surf League (WSL) 183
World Table Tennis Championships 1971 139
World Trade Organization (WTO) 493
World Veterans Table Tennis Championships (WVC) 9
World War I 187