This chapter suggests a framework for policymakers and thought leaders in conceiving, formulating and implementing policies to enhance regional competitiveness. The discussion links four fundamental underlying forces of regional competitiveness: the first involves production factors and resources within the region; the second comprises the spatial structure and organization of economic activity; the third encompasses the human dimension; the fourth consists of policy. The chapter explains how and why each of these elements contributes to regional competitiveness and how they integrate in shaping the economic performance of regions.