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Tourism plays an important role in biotic exchange. It has the potential to become one of the most salient vectors of bio-contaminants on Earth. Through the destinations visited, the activities undertaken, the types of transportation used and other variables, tourism can be a significant pathway for biological invasions. In particular, this chapter looks at the role of aviation, rural and ecotourism, remoteness of the destination in relation to urban areas and other established destinations, increased contact between animals and humans, environmental change (e.g. building roads), and human contact with disease vectors (e.g. flies and mosquitos). Common biohazard vectors and pathways include luggage, food, shoes and clothing, modes of transportation and the like. The chapter also discusses ways of managing biological invasions and other biosecurity concerns.

Food tourism and wine tourism can be understood by appreciating the degree of specialisation in the presentation of these services and experiences and the special interests tourists may have for enjoying these holiday times. Some phases which help characterise the way individuals may be classified and understood for consuming food and drinks include patterns of eating at home (pre-travel) and eating out (pre-travel), tactics for consuming food at the destination and special food and wine experiences. The concepts of risk and involvement are key ways to help understand this aspect of holiday consumption. The chapter uses a case study of Chinese wine tourists and their interests to illustrate key market changes and developments in the area.

Fieldwork for tourism research is discussed in the context of the relationship between travel and undertaking fieldwork and their different stages. Seven different types of interrelated spaces of fieldwork are identified: temporal space, physical space, regulatory/political space, ethical space, social space and theoretical/methodological space.

The concept of content analysis has evolved over time, and the approach can be used as a research tool in its own right or in combination with other methods. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis are complementary approaches that are increasingly integrated in software based in big data analysis. Content analysis also provides the basis for systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Tourism geographies cannot be divorced from the institutional environments within which they are set. While individual agency is clearly important, the academic acceptability of approaches, turns, frames and paradigms is externally determined. This chapter argues that the search for a research agenda is reflective of academic structures and practices, writ fine in tourism geographies. This is not to suggest that they do not have value; rather it is to note that such institutional agendas and turns cannot be separated from interests and may have little empirical linkage to issues of relevance, ethics and public contribution. Any research agenda is therefore emergent and of its time. However, the chapter concludes that any lasting contribution needs to move beyond self-serving opportunism and focus on geography’s synthetic research capacities and engagement.

Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Biosecurity is the protection of a location’s or firm’s economic, environmental and/or human health from the introduction, emergence, establishment and spread of harmful organisms. Although continued growth in human, animal and trade mobilities has been recognised as an extremely significant feature in the movement of infectious diseases, the role and nature of medical tourism has arguably not been so well understood. As a form of tourism that, by its very nature, has broader health implications medical tourism provides distinct biosecurity challenges. The chapter examines one of the emerging major challenges for cross-border medical tourism, namely the coming together of several trends: the growth of international mobility, and medical tourism in particular; the emergence of antibiotic resistance; and environmental change. It suggests that shifts towards neoliberal models of public health provision will only intensify the biosecurity risks that will arise from increased medical tourism related mobility, and that these, in turn, will be affected by growing antibiotic resistance and climate change.