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This excellent research review contains the very best studies that take an economic approach to the study of judicial behaviour. The authors hail from the disciplines of business, economics, history, law, and political science, and the topics they cover are equally varied. Subjects include the judges’ motivations, judicial independence, precedent, judging on collegial courts and in the hierarchy of justice and the relationship between judges and the other government actors.

This review reveals a multiplicity of perspectives on the Islamic law of war and peace. It highlights work that illustrates how the concept of Jihad is interpreted or misinterpreted, examines the rules applicable during the conduct of armed conflict and reveals the significance of peace and security within Islamic tradition. The selection provides valuable insights into the compatibility of the Islamic law of war and peace and the law of armed conflict, demonstrating how the former could minimise unnecessary human suffering during armed conflict.

Customary law has been the subject of intense debate and the issues arising from the intersection of customs and the law are far from settled. This research review brings together seminal work from scholars in law, economics and history. The first section analyses various perspectives on the history of customary law. Part two focuses on the commercial customary law and includes a number of case studies covering the role and limits of customary systems in a variety of commercial settings. The final section explores the role of custom in international law from a variety of legal and economic perspectives.