| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| ARIPO | African Regional Intellectual Property Organization |
| B | Billion |
| BIO-M | Study of biomaterial technology |
| BMBF | Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung |
| BRIC | Brazil, Russia, India and China |
| C-field | Chemical engineering field |
| CAFC | United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit |
| CAPM | Capital Asset Pricing Model |
| CBI | Confederation of British Industry |
| CEO | Chief executive officer |
| CIPO | Chief intellectual property officer |
| CIS | Community Innovation Survey |
| CP | Community patent |
| CTO | Chief technology officer |
| DPMA | Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt |
| E-area | Electricity area |
| E-field | Electrical engineering field |
| EC | European Commission |
| EMU | Economic and Monetary Union |
| EP | European patent |
| EPC | European Patent Convention |
| EPLA | European Patent Litigation Agreement |
| EPO | European Patent Office |
| ETSI | European Telecommunications Standards Institute |
| EU | European Union |
| EUR | Euro |
| FDI | Foreign direct investment |
| FF | First filing |
| FIB | Foreign is better |
| FRAND | Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory terms |
| FTC | Federal Trade Commission |
| FTO | Freedom to operate |
| GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
| GAZ | Study of high-growth “gazelle” companies |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| GDPR | General Data Protection Regulation |
| GERD | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D |
| GGVV | Study of the Gnosjö region (Gislaved, Gnosjö, Vaggeryd and Värnamo) |
| GII | Global Innovation Index |
| GNI | Gross national income |
| GNP | Gross national product |
| GSM | Global System for Mobile communications (originally Groupe Spécial |
| Mobile) |
| GPTs | General purpose technologies |
| GRP | Gross regional product |
| HDI | Human Development Index |
| HIT | Study of high-tech companies |
| I&E | Innovation and entrepreneurship |
| IAS | International Accounting Standards |
| IC | Intellectual capital |
| ICLs | Innovation collaborations |
| ICT | Information and communication technology |
| IFRS | International Financial Reporting Standards |
| IIP | Innovation and intellectual property |
| INT | Study of international conditions |
| IoT | Internet of things |
| IP | Intellectual property |
| IP5 | The five large IP Offices, known as “The Big Five” (EPO, JPO, KIPO, |
| SIPO, USPTO) |
| IPC | International Patent Classification |
| IPE | Study of the supply and demand of patent and IP education in Sweden |
| IPM | IP management |
| IPO | Initial public offering |
| IPR | Intellectual property right |
| IPRED | Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive |
| IT | Information technology |
| IT-SME | Questionnaire study of small and medium-sized companies in the IT sector |
| ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
| IVA | Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences |
| JPO | Japan Patent and Trademark Office |
| KIPO | Korean Intellectual Property Office |
| LF | Large firms |
| LTE | Long Term Evolution |
| M | Million |
| M&A | Mergers and acquisitions |
| M-field | Mechanical engineering field |
| MADs | M&As and divestments |
| MELT | Managerial, economic, legal and technological |
| MITI | Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) |
| MNC | Multinational corporation |
| MoU | Memorandum of understanding |
| MTB | Market to book |
| NAE | National Academy of Engineering |
| NAS | National Academy of Science |
| NGOs | Non-governmental organizations |
| NIC | National Intellectual Capital |
| NIR | Journal and association for Nordic immaterial property rights protection |
| NMT | Nordic Mobile Telephony System |
| NP | National patent |
| NPE | Non-producing or non-practicing entity |
| NPF | Non-profit foundation |
| NPOs | National patent offices |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer |
| OTC | Over-the-counter |
| PAE | Patent Assertion Entity |
| PCT | Patent Cooperation Treaty |
| PEs | Producing entities |
| PEST | Study of exploitation of important patents |
| PEX | Patent and growth investigation |
| PEX4-L | Questionnaire study of large companies |
| PEX4-PB | Questionnaire study of patent consultancy agencies |
| PEX4-PRV | Study of the Swedish PTO patent statistics |
| PEX4-S | Questionnaire study of small and medium-sized companies |
| PF | Patenting frequency |
| PFI | Profit from innovation |
| PLC | Product life cycle |
| PLT | Patent Law Treaty |
| PME | Patent monetization entity |
| PPH | Patent Prosecution Highway |
| PPP | Public-private partnership |
| PPP-chem | Study of product and process patents in the chemical field |
| PPR | Physical property right |
| PR | Property right |
| PRV | Swedish Patent and Registration Office (or Swedish PTO) |
| PTO | Patent and Trademark Office |
| PTT | Post, telegraph and telephone |
| R&D | Research and development |
| RAND | Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory terms |
| RoI | Return on investment |
| QOL | Quality of life |
| S&T | Science and technology |
| SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
| SEK | Swedish crown |
| SEPs | Standard essential patents |
| SFs | Submitted national filings |
| SFFs | Swedish first filings |
| SIPO | Chinese Patent and Trademark Office |
| SMEs | Small and medium-sized companies |
| SSI | Study of Sweden’s greatest innovations |
| SSOs | Standard setting organizations |
| STEP | Science, Technology and Economic Policy |
| TBI | Technology-based industry |
| TBS | Technology-based service industry |
| TDD | Time division duplex |
| TLO | Technology licensing office |
| TQM | Total Quality Management |
| TRIPS | The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights |
| TTO | Technology transfer office |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| UMTS | Universal Mobile Telecommunication System |
| UP | Unitary Patent |
| UPC | Unified Patents Court |
| USD | United States dollar |
| USPTO | United States Patent and Trademark Office |
| VC | Venture capital |
| VHS | Video Home System |
| VINNOVA | The Swedish Innovation Agency |
| WIPO | World Intellectual Property Organization |
| WHR | World Happiness Report |
| WTO | World Trade Organization |
