European Competition Law
A Case Commentary, Second Edition
Edited by Weijer VerLoren van Themaat and Berend Reuder
Chapter 25: ARTICLE 48 CHARTER
A Case Commentary, Second Edition
Extract
Everyone who has been charged shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
Respect for the rights of the defence of anyone who has been charged shall be guaranteed.
2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
(a) to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;
(b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;
(c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;
(d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
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Commentary