Abramitzky, Ram 28–9

Acemoglu, Daron 27, 40

Adorno, Theodor W. 7–8, 18

altruism 59, 139

Andreoni, James 113

Aquinas, Thomas 16

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal 19

atheism 5, 69, 74, 81–2

authoritarian welfare 31–4

Baldassari, Delia 114

Banerjee, A. 113

Baptism 13

Becker, Howard L. 16

Ben-Ner, Avner 31

Berman, E. 67, 114–15

Bismarck, Otto von 164, 168–71, 175

Blanchard, O. 60–61

Bolton, Gary E. 139

Bowles, S. 59

Brender, A. 64

Buddhism 13, 74, 79, 91

Calvinism 10–11, 13, 168

Canada 27

capitalism 3, 6–7, 10, 13–14, 22, 30, 49, 66, 115

Catholicism 3, 17, 19–20, 22, 26, 41, 45, 48–9, 66, 74, 90, 115, 142, 170, 177, 183

centralization, degrees of 72–3

Chekhov, Anton 19

Chen, Daniel L. 48–9

Chile 3

Christian democracy 3–4, 48, 66

civil marriage 165

class 2–3, 8, 10, 32–3, 47, 50, 64, 66, 71, 111, 123

clientelism 20

collectivism 7–8, 18–19, 22–4, 26–8, 34–8, 41–50, 55, 115–16, 125, 127, 130, 132, 140, 164, 166, 171–7, 180–81, 183–4

communism 2, 7, 23, 43, 47, 49–50, 99, 140

comparative strategies 45–7

corporatism 2, 20

democracy 2–4, 6, 10, 13, 19–20, 22–4, 27–34, 38, 48–50, 60, 66–7, 73, 115–17, 165, 183

Desai, Raj M. 27

dialectic processes 5–9

dictatorship 10–11, 22, 24, 27–34, 37–8, 43, 47, 49–50, 54, 73, 141, 183

dietary prohibitions 67, 114

Dostoevsky, Fyodor 9, 18

Druze Islam 68, 74, 79, 91

Durkheim, Émile 14–18

Durkheimian model 4, 16–17

Eastern Orthodoxy 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 19–20, 22, 26, 28, 33, 45, 49, 59, 68–70, 74, 87, 90, 110, 117, 139–42, 183

see also Russian Orthodoxy

Egypt 14, 38

Elgin, Ceyhun 113

elites 2, 10–11, 22, 24, 27–8, 32–3, 47, 111, 116–17, 141

Essenes 12, 75

European Union 62, 68

evaluation of government 72

fascism 23, 47, 50

Fehr, Ernst 139

Filippov, M. 61

Fischer, David Hackett 26

Fishman, Ariyei 30

France 4, 15, 19, 48, 166

see also French Revolution

free-riding 120–23, 125–6, 131–2, 138, 140–41, 152–3

French Revolution 2, 17, 170, 184

Galnoor, I. 65

Germany 6, 13, 47–9, 164–5, 168, 171, 174, 176

Gill, Anthony 110

Gilles, R.P. 67

Gintis, H. 59

Goldschmidt, Yaaqov 30

Gorski, Philip S. 11

governance norms 75

Greek Orthodoxy 14, 59, 68, 75–6, 78, 83–6, 93, 95

Greif, Anver 34

Grossman, Guy 114

Hechter, Michael 111, 113

Helman, Amir 28

Hesychast theology 7–9, 18, 115–16

hierarchies 14–17

Hofstede, Geert 26

importance of religious identification 76

individualism 8, 19, 23–4, 26–8, 30, 34–8, 49, 55, 115, 123, 125, 140, 142, 164, 166, 172–7, 180, 183–4

Industrial Revolution 2

institutional religious identity 75–6

Iranian Revolution 24, 48, 51

Islam 10, 12–14, 19–20, 22, 24, 26, 35, 41, 45, 47–50, 59, 65, 68, 70, 74–5, 78–9, 83–7, 93–6, 140, 142, 183

Israel 5–6, 10–11, 18–19, 23–5, 29, 31, 58–60, 64–79, 82–3, 85–6, 184

Italy 4

Jesus Christ 11, 15

Judaism 4, 6, 10–14, 19–20, 23, 28, 30, 49, 59, 69, 74, 79, 82, 85, 93–6, 114, 140, 142, 183

key independant variables 73–6

Kharkhordin, Oleg V. 115

kibbutzim 23, 28–31

Kulturkampf 164–77

Kuran, Timur 24

legalism 10

Levy, Jonah D. 4

Lind, Jo T. 49

Lipset, Seymour Martin 1–5, 18, 27

literacy 25

Litwack, J.M. 61

local governance 58–86

Lukas, Georg 8, 18

Lundsgaarde, Erik 110

Lutheranism 6, 13, 164–5, 168

Mahadevan, Renuka 113

Mainwaring 3

Marcuse, Herbert 8, 18

Markov perfect equilibria 24, 34–5, 37–9, 41, 43–5

marriage 165

Marx, Karl 5–8, 18

Marxism 4–5, 7–8, 18, 47

May Laws 164–5, 167–70

Methodism 13

middle class 32, 47, 64, 71, 117, 165

modernization 164–77

modernization game 41–4

Mouzelis, Nicos 8–9

multifunctional centers (MFCs) 58, 63–4, 72–3, 98–9, 101

Nazi party 3, 66

Netherlands 4

Ockenfels, Axel 139

oligarchy 10–11, 19

Palamas, Gregory 8, 18

Pharisees 12, 75

Pius IX, Pope 168

political regimes 25–8

populism 23, 47

poverty 61, 75, 139

Protestantism 3, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 49, 66, 74, 90, 115, 125, 140, 142, 165–6, 171, 183–4

Prussia 11, 20, 25, 33, 164–84

public goods 4, 7, 11, 17–19, 22–8, 34–50, 57–86, 110–11, 113–15, 117, 119–20, 123–5, 127–8, 130, 133, 138, 140–42, 151–2, 164–5, 183–4

Putin, Vladimir 43, 50, 62, 117

Putnam, Robert 22, 26

radical government game 35–6

Reformation 2, 7, 13, 166–7

religious collectives of democracy and dictatorship 28–34

religious identity 58–86

religious origins of political regimes 22–50

Robinson, James A. 27, 40

Rokkan, Stein 1–5, 18

Roman Catholicism

see Catholicism

Ruffle, Badley J. 30

Russia 5, 10, 18–19, 23–4, 33, 38, 43, 48, 50, 58–62, 66–74, 76–8, 81–3, 85–6, 110–42, 184

see also Russian Orthodoxy; Russian Revolution

Russian Orthodoxy 7, 32–3, 59, 82, 85, 93–6, 110–63

see also Eastern Orthodoxy

Russian Revolution 2, 33, 38, 47–8, 170

sanctions 26, 111, 114

Schmidt, Klaus M. 139

Scotchmer, S. 67

secularism 2–4, 10, 15, 17, 19, 33, 66, 110, 166, 168–77, 180, 184

Shleifer, A. 60–61

Shvetsova, O. 61

small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) 64

social cleavages 1–5

social democracy 2–3, 19, 50, 66, 165

social welfare 3, 10, 18, 61, 64–6, 69–70, 73–5, 77, 80, 82–6, 91–2, 95–6, 102–3, 107, 111, 116, 174, 176, 183–4

Somanathan, R. 113

Sombart, Werner 27

Sorsky, Nil 32, 116

Sosis, Richard 30

Soviet Union 2, 5, 140, 166

state formation 9–14

Suardi, Sandy 113

subgame perfect equilibria 38–41, 44–5

suicide attacks 25, 115

Sunni Islam 19, 68, 74, 83, 93–6

Switzerland 3, 66

synthesis 17–20

Syria 38

Tabellini, Guido 111

tariqa 22, 48, 87

Todd, Emanuel 26

Tolstoy, Leo 19

Torcal, M. 3

Torgler, Benno 110

Tunisia 38

Turkey 1, 5, 9, 19, 166

Ukraine 31, 34

United States 13, 26–7, 48, 177

violence 7, 169

Volotsky, Joseph 7, 115–16

Waqf 12, 24, 58, 75–6, 78, 83–6, 93, 95

Weber, Max 10, 18–19, 22, 32, 116

welfare state 4, 24, 48–50, 110, 142, 165

Woodberry, Robert D. 24

working class 2–3, 8, 10, 32, 47, 50, 66

World Bank 61

Yeltsin, Boris 117

Yemen 38

Zhuravskaya, E.V. 61

Zionist movement 5, 10